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SAFE’s CFI-PRO™ “Envelope Extension!”

For most long-time CFIs and proficient pilots, “training stalls” often become fairly comfortable, even pedestrian. And for committed aviators, the addition of some upset and aerobatic training further expands understanding and comfort in unusual attitude recoveries. The reasoning behind this approach is to expand the “personal flight envelope” and build “all attitude” control in the aircraft. Rich Stowell’s “Train to Avoid Loss of Control” is a perfect sales pitch for this approach to aviation safety; train to create a surplus of skill in all areas. Embedding stalls in realistic scenarios is especially useful and effective. Please watch this short program:

Unfortunately, this safety formula is not at all common in the general pilot population. The average GA pilot only flies in 5% of the possible flight envelope. The unfortunate consequence of this “avoidance strategy”  is that if these pilots are displaced from their “comfort zone” by weather, mechanical or distraction, they are unprepared for the experience which might cause the familiar startle, panic, and freeze-up. Loss of control (usually leading to a stall/spin) is our #1 fatal accident causal factor.

The FAA  has recently moved to define anything slower that 1.3 as “abnormal” and stalls  are defined as an “emergency”. Though both FAA and ICAO have implemented “expanded envelope training” ( for the airlines) this training also avoids any edge of envelope maneuvering. As discussed recently in Flying Magazine, and also in Aviation Safety,  the new definition of stalls as “emergencies” seems to discourage practice in this area. The already truncated private pilot flight envelope is getting even smaller through avoidance. On flight tests DPEs no longer examine MCA (minimum controlable airspeed) and even the term MCA has entirely disappeared from the Flight Training Handbook. We only transit this (too scary?) flight regime briefly on the way to the full stall (emergency!) and immediate recovery.  I can personally attest that pilot skills in this area are already deteriorating as a result of these recent changes. Is the solution to LOC-I to run away from the edges of the flight envelope and perhaps equip every aircraft with a ballistic parachute recovery system?

The drving force behind this change seems to be be the The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Though advocating for “expanded envelope training”, the Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) report, counsels against developing “negative transfer with comfort in the stall regime of flight” by practicing at the edge of the envelope. But many aviation experts disagree, and there seems to be a growing group of experts advocating for all attitude maneuvering and practice as an antidote to the LOC-I problem.

Extended Envelope Training goes beyond the usual MCA and stalls to include the spiral stalls and “Sixty Nineties” (60 degree banked turns with full aileron reversal every 90 degrees of turn). The beauty of these maneuvers is the ability to perform them in a normal part 23 aircraft (Cessna/Cherokee) without exceeding performance limitations (obviously dual with a competent CFI). I personally use these and other CFI favorites like the “falling leaf” stalls and “rudder boxing” maneuvers to prepare pilots for commercial pilot training. These pilots are often just out of instrument training with 40 hours of “standard rate” gentle IFR control so their maneuver envelope has shrunken even smaller.

The objective of these “envelope expansion” maneuvers is to build greater willingness to “yank and bank” which supplies personal confidence and superior aircraft control. A larger personal flight envelope (also with diverse A/C experience) is a stronger basis for safety than FAA ICAO avoidance– fly safely out there (and often)!


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19 responses to “SAFE’s CFI-PRO™ “Envelope Extension!””

  1. Ginny Avatar
    Ginny

    I guess… banner tow work is an emergency / abnormal situation then!! It’s all Slow slow flight.

  2. David St. George Avatar
    David St. George

    Thanks GInny, then I guess banner tow work must build good skills for piloting 🙂

    1. Ginny Avatar
      Ginny

      It does… You fly the safely & comfortably within the envelope’s edge.

  3. boboneo Avatar
    boboneo

    I still think everyone should review the 2014 Mar/Apr FAA Safety-Bulletin page 13 about the psychological aspects of manual control and how the airplane actually was built to fly so maybe it should be turned loose sometimes.

  4. Gary B. Avatar
    Gary B.

    Is there a link to Ed’s “Maneuver catalog”?

    1. David St. George Avatar
      David St. George

      I will ask Ed about making that public. He has submitted it to EAA for the presidential innovation context the last few years (and of course high-tech AOA solutions win instead) Stand by 🙂

  5. […] never take the time and money necessary to explore these unique experiences. In other articles here I have advocated for “envelope expansion” in your regualr piston flying. This builds skills and enhances safety. But other categories and […]

  6. […] pursuing more exciting flying – getting out of your “comfort zone” – to expand your personal flight envelope. This also keeps us motivated and excited as educators. I personally think every flight instructor […]

  7. […] requires pursuing more “exciting” flying – getting out of your “comfort zone” – to expand your personal flight envelope. This also keeps us motivated and charged up as educators combatting “right seat rust.” I […]

  8. […] never take the time and money necessary to explore these unique experiences. In other articles here I have advocated for “envelope expansion” in your regualr piston flying. This builds skills and enhances safety. But other categories and […]

  9. […] in the procedures require (deeply ingrained) manual flying skills. And only greater proficiency and envelope expansion will give pilots fluid and immediate access to these often counterintuitive […]

  10. […] in the procedures require (deeply ingrained) manual flying skills. And only greater proficiency and envelope expansion will give pilots fluid and immediate access to these often counterintuitive […]

  11. […] we mean by “expanding the flight envelope” is getting away from just scenario-based training and exploring flight outside the standard […]

  12. […] we mean by “expanding the flight envelope” is getting away from just scenario-based training and exploring flight outside the standard 5% […]

  13. […] from Garmin and Avidyne built into new airframes (just when we are advocating pilot “envelope expansion” for […]

  14. […] from Garmin and Avidyne built into new airframes (just when we are advocating pilot “envelope expansion” for […]

  15. […] have atrophied. For the more proficient pilot, this blog will present some more stimulating “envelope extension” maneuvers to build (or restore) advanced skills and expand a pilot’s “comfort […]

  16. […] have atrophied. For the more proficient pilot, this blog will present some more stimulating “envelope extension” maneuvers to build (or restore) advanced skills and expand a pilot’s “comfort […]

  17. […] of turning flight see Rich Stowell’s (free) course on Community Aviation. And try some Extended Envelope Maneuvers with your favorite MCFI to tune-up your “Practical Aerodynamics.” Fly safely out there […]

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